The rule of the stack
Every promise on the site traces to a construct in the method, and every construct to a published study. Beauty on the surface, rigor one tap deep.
The hierarchy of traits
Why an axis opens into planets and moons
- Goldberg, L. R. — The structure of phenotypic personality traits. American Psychologist, 48.
- Costa, P. T., Jr., & McCrae, R. R. — Domains and facets: Hierarchical personality assessment using the Revised NEO-PI. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64.
- DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. — Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. JPSP, 93.
- Mõttus, R., et al. — Personality traits below facets: validity, stability, heritability and utility of personality nuances. JPSP, 112.
- Condon, D. M., et al. — Bottom-up construction of a personality taxonomy. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 36.
Context and lenses
Why the same trait shifts at work and in relationships
- Schmit, M. J., et al. — Frame-of-reference effects on personality scale scores and criterion-related validity. JAP, 80.
- Lievens, F., De Corte, W., & Schollaert, E. — A closer look at the frame-of-reference effect. JAP, 93.
- Shaffer, J. A., & Postlethwaite, B. E. — A matter of context: contextualized vs. noncontextualized personality measures. Personnel Psychology, 65.
- Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. — A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. JAP, 88.
- Fleeson, W. — Traits as density distributions of states. JPSP, 80. · Fleeson, W., & Jayawickreme, E. — Whole Trait Theory. JRP, 56.
- Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. — A cognitive-affective system theory of personality. Psychological Review, 102.
Stability and change
Why a new layer of light means something
- Roberts, B. W., & DelVecchio, W. F. — The rank-order consistency of personality traits from childhood to old age. Psychological Bulletin, 126.
Origins of the typology
Where the idea of axes grew from — and what we did not take
- Jung, C. G. — Psychological Types.
- Lawrence, G. — People Types and Tiger Stripes (3rd ed.). CAPT.
Motivation and meaning
Why the result is support, not a verdict
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. — The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits. Psychological Inquiry, 11.
Professions, behaviour, energy
The applied layer: directions and burnout
- Holland, J. L. — Making Vocational Choices (3rd ed.). PAR.
- Marston, W. M. — Emotions of Normal People. (Basis of the DISC tradition behind the behaviour-style lens.)
- Demerouti, E., et al. — The Job Demands–Resources model of burnout. JAP, 86.
- Hobfoll, S. E. — Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44.
The Russian career-guidance school
Localizing the direction matching
- Klimov, E. A. — works on the psychology of professional self-determination.
- Pryazhnikov, N. S. — works on professional and personal self-determination.
- Leontiev, D. A. — works on the psychology of meaning and personal potential.
How the scales are built
The discipline of instrument development
- DeVellis, R. F. — Scale Development: Theory and Applications (4th ed.). SAGE.
This is not a clinical instrument
ReNo describes the normal personality and does not replace a consultation with a specialist. This list explains the approach; it does not diagnose.
Validation is ongoing
The instrument is checked against reference measures within a validation program. Current status lives in the open changelog.